Learn when to choose a full truckload (FTL) versus consolidated transport (LTL), how pricing and transit times are typically structured, and which documents are required for international transport.
What do FTL and LTL mean in international transport?
In international freight forwarding, FTL (Full Truck Load) and LTL (Less Than Truck Load) refer to two different transport models:
- FTL means the entire vehicle is dedicated to one customer, with no consolidation with other cargo. It is best suited for large, high-volume or sensitive shipments that require a direct route and minimal handling.
- LTL is groupage / consolidated transport – shipments from multiple customers are combined in one truck. This model is typically more flexible and cost-efficient for smaller volumes.
FTL or LTL: Which option should you choose?
Choosing between FTL and LTL depends mainly on the shipment volume and the cargo profile.If your shipment exceeds 10 pallets or 10 tonnes and needs to reach the destination quickly without intermediate stops or transhipments, FTL – a full truck is usually the best fit. This model is particularly suitable for sensitive, fragile or high-value goods that should not be moved or stored along the route.
If you ship smaller quantities – for example 1 to 5 pallets – and want to optimise costs, LTL (groupage) is the right option. Groupage offers greater flexibility in dates, frequency and destinations, although it may involve additional handling and a slightly longer transit time.
When time is critical and you want to minimise the risk of damage – choose FTL. When cost efficiency is the priority – LTL is a strong choice.
How long does delivery from Bulgaria take?
Average transit times for international road transport:Bulgaria - Germany: 3–5 business days
Bulgaria - France: 4–6 business days
Bulgaria - Romania: 1–2 business days
Bulgaria - Hungary: 2–4 business days
Note: Transit time depends on the selected model (FTL/LTL), border traffic and weather conditions. NN Logistics provides predictable ETAs and real-time monitoring via a platform.
How is the price for international transport calculated?
Pricing logic varies by transport model. With FTL, the rate is typically based on kilometres travelled and a fixed tariff for the lane. This improves predictability, especially under long-term contracts.With LTL, pricing is more granular – it may be calculated by volume (cubic metres), by weight, or through a combined approach using a load factor. The final rate often includes administrative fees, value-added services or specific loading/unloading requirements.
Key cost drivers include cargo type, temperature-control requirements, consolidation feasibility, urgency and seasonality.
Which documents are required for international road transport?
NN Logistics provides full documentation support for your international deliveries:CMR consignment note – mandatory for all road transport in the EU
Customs declaration (EX1, T1) – for shipments outside the EU
Invoice, Packing List – commercial documents
Cargo insurance – recommended for high-value and risk-sensitive goods
Certificates of origin / sanitary / pharma – depending on the cargo
Read more about our customs brokerage service
What NN Transport Logistics offers
Specialised FTL and LTL solutions across 25+ European countries- A network of partner hubs and cross-docking platforms
- IoT monitoring, real-time ETA and GPS tracking
- An expert team in international logistics and customs
- Flexible slots and schedules, including express delivery
Learn more about our international transport services.
Need a quote?
[Contact us] for a free assessment and a recommendation for your transport case.
Frequently Asked Questions:
Is FTL always faster?
Yes, because there are no intermediate unloadings or additional stops along the route.
Can I combine different types of goods in LTL?
Yes, provided the goods are compatible and properly packaged.
Are there additional customs fees?
Fees vary by destination and cargo type. NN Logistics can prepare a full assessment.
Do you offer fixed pricing?
Yes – for FTL and under long-term contracts.
